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Charles Cunningham Boycott (12 March 1832 – 19 June 1897) was an English land agent whose ostracism by his local community in Ireland gave the English language the verb ''to boycott''. He had served in the British Army 39th Foot, which brought him to Ireland. After retiring from the army, Boycott worked as a land agent for Lord Erne (John Crichton, 3rd Earl Erne), a landowner in the Lough Mask area of County Mayo. In 1880, as part of its campaign for the Three Fs (fair rent, fixity of tenure, and free sale) and specifically in resistance to proposed evictions on the estate, local activists of the Irish Land League encouraged Boycott's employees (including the seasonal workers required to harvest the crops on Lord Erne's estate) to withdraw their labour, and began a campaign of isolation against Boycott in the local community. This campaign included shops in nearby Ballinrobe refusing to serve him, and the withdrawal of services. Some were threatened with violence to ensure compliance. The campaign against Boycott became a フランス語:cause célèbre in the British press after he wrote a letter to ''The Times''. Newspapers sent correspondents to the West of Ireland to highlight what they viewed as the victimisation of a servant of a peer of the realm by Irish nationalists. Fifty Orangemen from County Cavan and County Monaghan travelled to Lord Erne's estate to harvest the crops, while a regiment of the 19th Royal Hussars and more than 1,000 men of the Royal Irish Constabulary were deployed to protect the harvesters. The episode was estimated to have cost the British government and others at least £10,000 to harvest about £500 worth of crops. Boycott left Ireland on 1 December 1880, and in 1886, became land agent for Hugh Adair's Flixton estate in Suffolk. He died at the age of 65 on 19 June 1897 in his home in Flixton, after an illness earlier that year. ==Early life and family== Charles Cunningham Boycott was born in 1832 to Reverend William Boycatt and his wife Georgiana.〔Boycott, (1997) p. 4〕 He grew up in the village of Burgh St Peter in Norfolk, England;〔 the Boycatt family had lived in Norfolk for almost 150 years.〔 They were of Huguenot origin, and had fled from France in 1685 when Louis XIV revoked civil and religious liberties to French Protestants.〔 Charles Boycott was named Boycatt in his baptismal records. The family changed the spelling of its name from Boycatt to Boycott in 1841.〔Marlow, (1973) pp. 13–14〕 Boycott was educated at a boarding school in Blackheath, London.〔Boycott, (1997) pp. 84–85〕 He was interested in the military—and in 1848, entered the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, in hopes of serving in the Corps of Royal Sappers and Miners.〔 He was discharged from the academy in 1849 after failing a periodic exam,〔 and the following year his family bought him a commission in the 39th Foot regiment for £450.〔〔Marlow, (1973) p. 18〕 Boycott's regiment transferred to Belfast shortly after his arrival.〔Boycott, (1997) pp. 89–95〕 Six months later, it was sent to Newry before marching to Dublin, where it remained for a year.〔 In 1852, Boycott married Anne Dunne in St Paul's Church, Arran Quay, Dublin.〔 He was ill between August 1851 and February 1852 and sold his commission the following year,〔 but decided to remain in Ireland. He leased a farm in County Tipperary, where he acted as a landlord on a small scale.〔Marlow, (1973) pp. 19–27〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charles Boycott」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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